Essay on Ratio and Financial Statement Analysis of Nike

Ratio and Financial Statement Analysis Table of Contents Executive Summary.................................................................................................3 1. Nike History.............................................................................................................4 2. Nike Market Share: SWOT Analysis.......................................................................5 3. Nike Financial Report..............................................................................................9 4. Nike’s Future.........................................................................................................10 5.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe major turning point for Nike was when the world’s greatest basketball player came to the company in 1985. Michael Jordan changed the game and it took Nike to another level with the popular Air Jordan shoe along with the apparel. Nike may never admit to this, but Mike is greatly responsible for their success today. Without Mike Nike I probably would still be trying to get to the top, but Thank God for Michael Jordan’ (Nike History 2007). Some time later, Nike was working with famous athletes – Bo Jackson, Andre Agassi, Charles Barkley, Deion Sanders, Ken Griffey, Scottie Pippen, Penny Hardaway, Jason Kidd, Barry Sanders, etc. 2. Nike Market Share: SWOT Analysis. Strengths The entire business of Nike is divided into operating segments: clothes, footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories. Each of these strategic business units presents a business unit with services and products managed separately as each operating segment requires different business strategies. The segments are established by senior management to facilitate the achievement of Nike long-term objectives, to help in resource allocation decisions and to assess operational performance. 1. One of the largest sports products company. Nike is one of the world’s largest sports products companies, having presence in about 125 countries (Steinhauer 2004, p. 31). It is a company that is constantly developing. ‘Nike is a very competitive organization.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Nike Financial Ratio Executive Summary1447 Words   |  6 PagesNIKE, INC.: Executive Summary Financial Statement Ratios According to Nike’s SIC number (3021), the company is classified in the â€Å"rubber and plastic footwear† industry. Relying upon this information Mergent Online identified the following American companies as competitors to Nike: †¢ Columbia Sportswear Company Annual Revenue $ 1,483,524,000 †¢ Deckers Outdoor Corporation Annual Revenue $ 1,000,989,000 †¢ Crocs, Inc. Annual Revenue $ 789,695,000 †¢ Bakers Footwear Group AnnualRead MoreEssay on Nike Financial Analysis1556 Words   |  7 PagesNike Financial Analysis Investing in a company has certainly changed over the years. Financial information is literally at ones fingertips via the internet. In todays fast paced corporate environment companies are under tremendous scrutiny to maintain their edge. The company I am evaluating is NIKE. This Financial analysis will consist of the following: Ratios from the Income Statement, Statement of Owners Equity, and Balance Sheet. This information is designed to assist a potential investorRead MoreNike s Impact On The Shoe Industry1478 Words   |  6 PagesLooking into a future new venture for myself I decide to start-up a business like Nike, because of the performance that Nike has had in the shoe industry has been remarkable all across the globe for many years. It is one of the country’s largest and highly respected brand names, not only in the United States sector, but it highlights the international globe as well. 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Their product is sold through-out North America, Central America, South America, Asia-Pacific, Africa, the Middle East and Europe andRead MoreThe Financial Fitness Of Chester, Inc.1200 Words   |  5 PagesThis report is designed to provide an evaluation of the financial fitness of Chester, Inc. through the creation and analysis of a full set of financial statements. Methods that will be used to analyze the income statement, balance sheet and statement of cash flows include: horizontal and vertical analysis, ratio analysis and comparison to competitors and the industry. All calculations used to create the financial statements and analyze them can be found in the appendix of this document. A list ofRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Internal And External Environment Of A Firm1658 Words   |  7 Pages1. SWOT analysis is a technique to analyze the internal and external environment of a firm. What are its advantages and disadvantages? SWOT provides a useful starting point for improving firms and better positioning them for success. However, SWOT is a limited technique with at least 4 problems. First, SWOT may identify strengths, but these do not always translate into competitive advantages. To generate competitive advantages, firms have to understand the source of their strengths and focus resourcesRead MoreFinancial Analysis Of Nike Inc.1803 Words   |  8 PagesFinancial Analysis of Nike, Inc. Statement of purpose In this paper, I am going to present some of the key financial components of Nike and the growth that made it the extraordinary, multinational corporation that it is today. Company description Nike Inc. is one of the largest companies in the world that specialize in the design, development, and worldwide marketing and selling of athletic footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessories. It currently has about 26,000 employees, 20,000 retailers inRead MoreDisneys Brands Success1371 Words   |  6 Pagesthe naturalistic needs of humans, and also pulls at customer’s wallet strings. Furthermore, Disney has published that, â€Å"The Company’s primary financial goals are to maximize earnings and cash flow, and to allocate capital towards growth initiatives that will drive long-term shareholder value.† In order for Disney to live up to this financial mission statement and in order for them to continue to be successful, they must continue to create value for their customers in order to generate high profits

Pro Immigration Essay - 1121 Words

Pro Immigration We live in the age where scandalous and controversial topics cover the news headlines. Such subject matters as homosexuality, A.I.D.S, and abortion are fiercely debated upon. Sides are always taken, with the conservatives battling the liberals. One such argument that has always been debated upon since the founding of this nation has been immigration. The fact that it has been argued over for so long makes it seem ironic. A country founded by immigrants perpetually arguing over immigration. The basis of this dispute runs deep and that is what will be discussed in this following paper. Anti-immigrant sentiments have been circulating since the Alien Act of June 25, 1798 . The Act was the first federal†¦show more content†¦With the incoming immigrants they do take away jobs that could have been taken by Americans. But most of the jobs that some of the immigrants take are the unwanted ones. The incoming immigrants also overcrowd the cities and start to overpopulate in the States in Taking Sides they state that approximately fifteen to eighteen million are expected to arrive in the states within the next ten years . Another valid point is that with the arrival of so many different types of people that we lose a sense of nationality. Every race starts to clique together and tries to shut out the rest of the neighboring societies. But that was similar of past races, its just a matter of time. The biggest immigration problem is illegal or undocumented immigrants. They arrive on great numbers (though less than half of all of the immigrants arriving in America). The only problem with curbing the numbers of illegal immigrants is it is often difficult to put a control on them. The pro-immigration stance on the arrival of settlers from abroad mostly take what the anti-immigrant stand says and rationale it out. With the arrival of immigrants the truth is that they dont take jobs away they create more. With an entrepreneur mentality the newcomers open their own small businesses therefore creating much more dire needed jobs. Another advantage to having a diversity of people is there is no stagnation. There always is a new influx ofShow MoreRelatedPro Illegal Immigration1348 Words   |  6 Pagestheir nation and move somewhere new. Either to build onto what they already have or start over completely, moving to another country provides a very appealing alternative to the state of their current lifestyle. Often times this ends up in illegal immigration, which has more positive effects than people are led to believe. At one point in time America relied on outsiders so much that they were willing to enslave them in order to. Like many other settler societies, the United States, before it achievedRead MorePros and Cons of Immigration944 Words   |  4 PagesI. Introduction Nowadays, Immigration, which is a phenomenon of migration, is very normal and popular in the world. Furthermore, in the world, many countries have the large number of people who immigrate because of many reasons likes finding suitable jobs or new place to live. Many people think that immigrants will give them many problems about the economy and society. However, other people think that immigrants bring many profits for their countries. In my opinion, I think that all thingsRead MorePros and Cons of Immigration Essay730 Words   |  3 PagesPro/Con Illegal Immigration Picture a scenario where crowds of people surround you. You don’t know who they are. Hundreds of people of all cultures, ethnicities, and genders pass by you. To you, they might seem like regular people trying to get from Point A to B. Therefore, you would not assume that they play a significant role in society. However, what if one person that passed by you today was an undocumented citizen in the United States? How would you be able to tell the difference? EveryoneRead MorePro-Illegal Immigration Paper916 Words   |  4 PagesLabrada 11/16/11 FYS 138 Professor Lodge The Melting Pot The debate of illegal immigration in the United States is one that is plagued with many details, and one that sparks a huge amount of controversy among politicians and citizens alike. While it is an issue that many argue about, few people are actually knowledgeable about the subject and have facts to back up their opinions. According the Center for Immigration Studies, the â€Å"unauthorized resident immigrant population is defined by all foreign-bornRead MorePro Illegal Immigration Speech1722 Words   |  7 PagesSara Rosas April15th, 2010 COM103 Persuasive Speech Topic: illegal immigration General Purpose: to persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to be pro illegal immigration. Central Idea: I will persuade you that illegal immigrants should be allowed to stay in the U.S. by sharing with you some information on the subject, arguments on the subject, and also some solutions to the problem. Introduction: Imagine a teenage girl, only seventeen years old having to go three statesRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Illegal Immigration1964 Words   |  8 PagesIf America is a supposed â€Å"melting pot† and â€Å"land of opportunity†, why does immigration happen to be one of the biggest issues circulating the news as well as the White House? According to the Migration Policy Institute there are approximately 11 million illegal immigrants living in the United States. These men, women and children enter the country illegally, with the purpose of living a better life. These people are willing to enter America in ghastly fashions, a perfect example are the undocumentedRead MoreIllegal Immigration: Pros and Cons1128 Words   |  5 PagesIllegal immigration is a major problem which most of the developed countries face in the current economy, and it has been major political problem for the political parties in America (republicans and democrats) and over years each party has a differ ent agenda to discuss the problem. Illegal immigration can be defined as a movement of people from a source country to the destination country without any legal documents and violates destination countries immigration laws. People have moved across landsRead More The Pros and Cons of Illegal Immigration into the United States797 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pros and Cons of Illegal Immigration into the United States Illegal immigration has been an important and serious issue for decades; which affects everyone, both Americans and immigrants themselves. Illegal Immigration has three main purposes: first to find a better life in the ?promise land?, second: free healthcare, and third: for criminal activity. Most illegal immigrants come to America with the best intentions for themselves and/or their families, but many others have alternativeRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Illegal Immigration in the USA1007 Words   |  5 Pages Immigration is an increasingly hot controversy in southern California; there have even been various rallies recently with many supporting a path to citizenship and others arguing that we need to close our boarders and prosecute violators. Immigration is the spotlight not due to money, but because it affects problems like race, the role of government, national identity and change. There are more advantages than disadvantages on supporting illegal immigratio n and supporting an amnestyRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Immigration to the USA Essays2545 Words   |  11 PagesThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Immigration to the USA ‘‘Remember, remember always, that all of us†¦ are descended from immigrants and revolutionist’’ by Franklin D. Roosevelt. The United States is a nation of immigrants and the earliest people were the Native Americans who came from Asia. The rest of the people left Europe, Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, South and Central America, the islands of the Pacific, and the Middle East coming more towards the 18th century. The United States

Irony In the Play Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Irony In the Play Hamlet Essay The play begins on the outer ramparts of Elsinore castle. It is late and Francisco, a guard, is on duty waiting for Bernardo to relieve him from his watch. Francisco is nervous because the previous two nights he and Bernardo have seen a figure who appears to be the ghost of the recently deceased king wandering around. Bernardo approaches, accompanied by Horatio (Hamlets only friend and confident). Even though Horatio dismisses the idea of a ghost, the guards start to retell the previous nights encounters. As the guards begin, the ghost appears before them- much to Horatios surprise. The guards urge Horatio to speak with the ghost. Because Horatio is a student, they feel he should be able to communicate with the ghost, and their previous attempts to talk with it have failed. Horatios attempts also fail. The scene ends with Horatio stating that he will go and inform his friend Hamlet of these incredible events. Text Act I, Scene i Act I, Scene ii This scene opens in contrast to the first scene. The first scene takes place on the dark, cold isolated ramparts this scene begins in a brightly lit court, with the new king, Claudius, celebrating his recent wedding to his new wife, Gertrude. Everyone in the court appears happy and joyful, except one character who is sitting off to the side. He is dressed in black, the colour of mourning, and does not like what he sees. The lone figure is Hamlet, the main character of the play. He is wearing black because it has been only two months since his father, Hamlet senior the ghost on the battlements, died and he still is mourning his fathers death. To further upset Hamlet, Claudius new bride is Hamlets mother, Gertrude. Hamlet is upset because his mother married Claudius so soon after becoming a widow. To add to all the injustices Hamlet is feeling at this time, Claudius is also related to Hamlet. Hamlets uncle is now his step-father and Gertrudes brother-in-law is now her husband. Claudius conducts several pieces of business during the beginning of this scene. He first tries to take measures to prevent a war with Norway, then discusses Laertes request to leave court and go back to school. Claudius agrees with Polonius, Laertes father, that Laertes plan of going back to school is a good one. He gives Laertes permission to go. This familial scene brings Claudius mind to Hamlet. He recognizes Hamlet is upset and he tries to make amends and urges Hamlet to stay in Denmark, instead of returning to school. After his mother echoes Claudius request, Hamlet agrees to stay. Hamlet is left on stage after everyone else leaves. He speaks a soliloquy expressing his anger at the present circumstances in his life and discusses his depression as a result of these events. The scene ends with Horatio, Marcellus and Bernardo entering and talking with Hamlet about the ghost they have seen. Hamlet agrees to join them this coming night to see the ghost for himself. Note a soliloquy is a thought a character expresses out loud. These thoughts deal with the true feelings of a character and give insight into what a character is thinking about and how his mind works. This first soliloquy is one of several spoken by Hamlet throughout the play. Each one gives us further insight into what Hamlet is feeling at the time. Text Act I, Scene ii Act I, Scene iii This scene opens with Laertes saying his goodbyes to his sister Ophelia, before he leaves for school. We find out from their discussion that Hamlet has been seeing Ophelia and is very serious about their relationship. He has been alone with Ophelia on many occasions and has professed his love for her during these times. He has also given her gifts during these visits. Leartes, who knows about his sisters suitor, tries to warn Ophelia that because Hamlet is destined to become King, he can never be serious in his relationship with her. Hamlet may seem virtuous and noble at this time, he warns, but he will leave her to fulfill his duties to the kingdom when the time comes. She promises to be careful in this relationship and reasserts that Hamlet has never taken advantage of her, nor has he ever been anything but a gentleman in their relationship. The conversation ends with Ophelia lecturing her brother that he should practice what he preaches and not fall into any casual relationships foolishly, and not to worry about her. At this point, Polonius enters and gives his son one more lecture before he leaves on how to conduct himself when he goes back to school. The fatherly advice includes thoughts on not borrowing or lending money, because it can cause more problems than it is worth. He also tells his son not to say things that might make others think he is foolish, to hold his tongue and to be careful of getting into quarrels, but once in one give a good show for yourself. Finally, before Leartes leaves, Polonius tells him to be true to himself. In other words, if you do the right things for the right reasons you can never do any wrong to others. The scene ends with Polonius discussing with Ophelia her relationship with Hamlet. He, like Laertes, does not trust Hamlets intentions, because Hamlet is young and young men have no honour they have only one thing on their minds- sex. Although Ophelia has no reason to distrust Hamlets intentions, she obeys her fathers wishes and agrees she will not see Hamlet any more. Text Act I, Scene iii Act I, Scene iv It is the night following Horatios first encounter with the ghost and it finds him, the guards and Hamlet on the platform waiting for the ghost. There is a celebration going on in the castle and Hamlet explains to Horatio that it is customary for the king to hold a celebration where cannons are shot off in honour of the Kings health. This celebration is something Hamlet does not agree with it is too excessive and other countries look upon the Danes as foolish because of it. The ghost appears and Hamlet, realizing that the ghost does look like his dead father, approaches it and asks that it speak to him. The play which Shakespeare wrote was a romantic tragedy called 'Romeo and Juliet' EssayThe uncle, after finding out the true goal of Fortinbras army, rebukes Fortinbras for his deeds and tells him to forget this plan. Fortinbras obeys his uncles wishes and with his uncles help decides to use his army to attack the Pollacks. The king looks over a paper that has Fortinbras plans for crossing safely through Denmark on his way to fight the Pollacks, and turns his attention to Polonius. Polonius tells the King and Queen about his suspicion that Hamlets madness is caused by Ophelias rejecting Hamlets affections. Although the queen believes Polonius speech is too long-winded, and chastises him for his roundabout ways, he brushes her off and continues with his theories. As proof of his suspicions, he reads a letter Hamlet wrote to Ophelia that expresses his love and feelings for her. Seeing that the king and queen dont agree with his assumptions as whole heartedly as he does, Polonius tries to prove his theory by approaching Hamlet himself. He ushers the King and Queen out as Hamlet approaches. Although Polonius tries his best to pin down Hamlets thoughts, he fails. Hamlet not only manages to evade Polonius questions, but he seizes the opportunity and slanders Polonius and his foolish, meddling ways, without Polonius realization. Polonius leaves after realizing that there is a lot of meaning in Hamlets ranting. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern enter and Hamlet greets them affectionately. Hamlet is pleasant and cheerful to them until he finds out that they are there to spy on him and report to the King the reason for Hamlets madness. Although Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are hesitant to admit they were sent for, they cannot deny it further when Hamlet convinces them that he knows they were sent for. The focus of the conversation changes to acting and the theatre when Rosencrantz informs Hamlet that players (entertainers) are on their way to the castle to perform a play for the King. They discuss the use of child actors in the theatre and Hamlet takes another opportunity to insult Polonius when he comes in to tell Hamlet about the players. When Hamlet makes a remark about a fair daughter in a play, Polonius believes he is hinting at Ophelia. They are interrupted by the entrance of the players. Hamlet greets the players warmly and asks the leader to recite a passage he once heard the player speak. Hamlet remembered the recital because the player spoke it in such an honest and passionate way. The player recites a passage concerning the death of Priam, during the Trojan war. After the speech, Hamlet asks Polonius to take excellent care of the players and to find them quarters. Hamlet talks with the First Player about inserting some lines that Hamlet will make up into the play they are presenting tomorrow. The player agrees to Hamlets request and leaves. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern leave and Hamlet is alone on stage to give his second soliloquy. Hamlet is angry with himself for procrastinating and failing to take revenge for his fathers death. He is upset because he is unable to show the passion in real life that the player can show on stage. He cant believe that an actor can show anger and even cry for a fictitious event when he cant, despite all his reasons to show these emotions. He tries to incite his passion by stating events that would make him angry, but realizes all he is doing is talking about what he should do. Realizing that he isnt further helping himself with these speeches, he makes a plan that will give him the proof he needs to show Claudius guilt in Hamlets fathers death. Because there is still doubt about whether or not the ghost was Hamlets father asking Hamlet to avenge his death, or an evil spirit trying to get Hamlet into trouble, Hamlet decides to get proof of Claudius guilt before proceeding further. Hamlet believes he can obtain his proof by watching Claudius reaction to a murder acted out by the players similar to that of Hamlets fathers murder. Text Act II, Scene ii Act III, Scene i This scene opens with Claudius, the King, asking Rosencrantz and Guildenstern if they have discovered the cause of Hamlets madness. After admitting they did not find the cause, but were treated well by Hamlet, they inform the King and Queen that Hamlet is happy that there is going to be a play presented tomorrow and he hopes that Claudius and Gertrude will attend. Pleased that there is something that amuses Hamlet, they both decide to attend the play and they urge Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to try and stimulate his interest further. Claudius asks Gertrude to leave so that he and Polonius can observe a clandestine meeting they set up between Hamlet and Ophelia. They tell Ophelia to pretend she is praying and they go and hide. Hamlet enters and gives a soliloquy on his thoughts about himself committing suicide. He sees Ophelia, and when she tries to return some gifts that he had given her, he claims he never gave her any. They have a discussion wherein Hamlet denies ever loving Ophelia and berating her and women in general for their trickery and pretentiousness. When Hamlet leaves, Claudius and Polonius enter. Claudius is convinced that Hamlets madness does not stem from his love for Ophelia, but that it is something else that is afflicting his soul. Claudius realizes that Hamlets actions are a danger to those around him. He decides to send Hamlet to England, hoping a change of atmosphere will settle his heart. The scene ends with Claudius stating that Hamlet should be watched. Text Act III, Scene i

The Concept Of Evidence Based Practice Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Concept Of Evidence Based Practice Social Work Essay Paper Introduction This essay aims to place and critically appraise grounds of whether social intercession better result for depression in British Pakistani adult females. I will analyze whether social intercession can take to better mental well-being, authorization and single growing. I will analyze the value accent of curative societal support in mental wellness. The context of societal work pattern in mental wellness is complex, hence societal work intercession has to hold an ethical and value based model. I will measure the theoretical footing for standardise pattern. The statutory alterations in Britain to see the fundamental values place incorporated in recent policies and statute law will be examined. Specify the construct of grounds based pattern We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept Of Evidence Based Practice Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept Of Evidence Based Practice Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept Of Evidence Based Practice Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Evidence based pattern ( EBP ) harmonizing to Sackett ( 1997 ) citied in Gray et Al ( 2009: 119 ) connotes a procedure of bettering professional opinion through the painstaking and wise integrating and synthesis of well-researched empirical grounds to measure the efficaciousness and effectivity of intercession in heightening service users results and how this can be integrated into pattern context to better service bringing and professional answerability ( Department of Health Service and Public Safety, 2012 ) ( Gray, Plath, A ; Webb, 2009 ) ( Sheppard, 2004 ) ( Corby, 2006 ) . It gives a model for analyzing the state of affairs and bring forthing a figure of possible options ( Thompson N. , 2000, p. 35 ) . ( Mathews A ; Crawford, 2011 ) suggested that practicians must believe critically and reflect on research grounds for credibleness, completeness and transferability to inform professional opinion as this an deduction for policy shapers, professionals, communities and servic e users. The drift for EBP within societal work is underpinned on the centrality on service users best involvement to steer pattern that is culturally sensitive and of significance to service users within the dynamic context of pattern, statute law and societal policy ( Bolton, 2002 ) . EBP hence necessitates societal workers reflexiveness of how values, theoretical premises , policies, past experiences and the context in which pattern takes topographic point combine with service users perspective, penchants, and civilization to steer and inform pattern ( Munro, 2002:10 ) . This is to account for the many-sided personal, cultural and societal dimensions of service users ( Webber A ; Nathan, 2010 ) Select an facet of societal work What involvement me in this subject is the spread which exist in supplying culturally sensitive support to black and cultural minority group with depression. The grounds available suggest that single with mental wellness hurt including depression are the most marginalised and excluded groups in society ( Stepney A ; Ford, 2001 ) . Additionally, the prevalence of depression in black and minority ethnic ( BME ) and in peculiar adult females from Pakistani background in Britain, underlines the importance of back uping statutory and voluntary enterprises directed towards run intoing their demands ( Husain, Creed, A ; Tomenson, 1997 ) ( Gater, et al. , 2009 ) . ( Miranda, et al. , 2003 ) noted the spread in grounds based for social intercession . Pulling on their pattern experiences and appropriate grounds Within the context of community voluntary mental wellness services, their diverse types of grounds that informs pattern and policy and societal workers have an ethical duty in the pick of theories and theoretical account of working. In my pattern, a systems attack is emphasised in understanding the interplay and multiplicity of service users context. Psychodynamic attack is concerned with how perceptual experiences of demands, stigma and stereotyped premises motivate human behavior including aid seeking, revelation of sensitive information. Past experiences are seen as cardinal in the jobs single experience and used in understanding the kineticss of the assisting relationship. Social larning theory suggests behaviors are influenced by service users socio-cultural context. For illustration aid seeking behavior is influenced and reinforced by stigma and service bringing Therefore cognitive- behavioral therapy is emphasised by understanding the function perceptual experiences in aid seeking. Therefore through interaction, patterning service users perceptual experience is influenced. Conflict theory is priceless in understanding cultural struggles, stigma and subjugation, power instability. As noted in Saleeby ( 1996 ) the strength position is intrinsic to societal work values of service users engagement, and esteeming single as holding strengths The feminist position takes into history the function of gender and the historical deficiency of power experienced by adult females. Collaborative relationship is emphasised between the societal worker and service user through equality and authorization. Through empirical observation utilizing randomised controlled test, Gater, et Al ( 2010 ) investigated the effectual of Social intercession for British Pakistani adult females with depression. It sought to explicate the cause and consequence , to foretell and command world, and to make unambiguous nonsubjective truth that can be proven or disproved to inform the effectivity of intercession and policies execution. Qualitative informations used to understand persons societal world within their socio- cultural context which inquiries cultural premises, favoritism and subjugation and the deduction and significance in execution. This can be used to gestate service users position sing intercession and constabularies deductions, their demands and perceptual experiences about current constabularies and intercessions. The job work outing theoretical account focal points on understanding service users in their context and working in partnership. In a cross sectional survey, prevalence of depression amongst adult females of Pakistani beginning was twice every bit high comparison to white European adult females ( Gater, et al. , 2009 ) . ( Campbell A ; McLean, 2002 ) suggested that societal capital resources is embedded in within societal webs and better recovery. An alternate explanatory model for the prevalence of depression in Pakistani adult females in mental wellness statistics has been the societal constructive position. This position encompasses aid seeking behavior. There are some evidenced based intercessions that have been proven to assist people recovery from depression. The randomised control test survey by ( Harris, Brown, A ; Robinson, Befriending as an intercession for chronic depression among adult females in an interior metropolis: Randomised control trail, 1999 ) found that befriending strategies are good in bettering recovery. This is to counter the unfavorable judgments of institutional racism and cultural premises in the bringing of mental wellness services to black and cultural minority groups ( Gould, 2010 ) . Phillip Rack ( 1982 ) cited in ( Gould, 2010 ) : 40 proposed a Culturally attuned attack that used penetration This intercession is cardinal to societal work values of respecting and valuing uniqueness and diverseness and recognising and edifice strengths. Social intercession involves facets of partnership and include and accent on the impact of environmental force per unit areas on persons and therefore can be priceless in anti-discriminatory work with service users in offering authorization and covering with structural subjugation ( Ahmad B. , 1990, p. 51 ) . He besides noted the importance of importance of qualitative research in researching these issues ( Ahmad W. , 1995 ) . This societal intercession included specific mark groups. It uses an attack that included instruction and/or direct contact with people who are depressed. Social intercession provides societal workers with a structural grasp of the nature of societal jobs ( Gould, 2010, p. 60 ) ( Harris, 2010 ) societal support and depression Reconnection of hope through curative brush Psychosocial and cognitive therapies have now been included in clinical pattern guidelines. However, there remain considerable jobs with black and cultural minority accessing these services. Research has shown a consistent relationship between mental unwellness and indexs of societal disadvantages ( Fryers, Melzer, A ; Jenkins, 2003 ) . Therefore, development of schemes to back up aid seeking and intervention is needed. ( Mathews A ; Crawford, 2011 ) ( Orme A ; Shemmings, 2010 ) ( Smith, 2004 ) ( Gask, Aseem, Waquas, A ; Waheed, 2011 ) qualitative thematic analysis ( societal isolation ) household struggle, societal cultural factors, psychosocial factors Identify what can be learned from the grounds In Gater, et Al ( 2010 ) Social intercession for British Pakistani adult females with depression: randomised controlled test, Participants societal operation and depression were signii ¬?cantly improved. Given the prevalence of depression ( Gater, et al. , 2009 ) in this group and the under-representation amongst people able to entree supportive services, this presents an of import development. In relation to bettering participants battle qualitative surveies have found the enfeebling consequence of stigma as a signii ¬?cant barrier for accessing support ( Livingston A ; Boyd, 2010 ) ( Mak, Poon, Pun, A ; Cheung, 2007 ) . Stigma is understood as the interplay of persons societal individuality and socio-cultural kineticss in which persons with mental wellness are discriminated against and socially excluded due to stereotyped premise ( Lam, 2008 ) . This i ¬?nding is consistent with the grounds sing societal support intercessions in ( Harris, A stress-vunerability theoretical account of mental wellness upset: deductions for pattern, 2010 ) . However, there is a spread of how stigma associated with mental unwellness can be reduced. The survey was of high research quality, which indicates a decreased hazard of biasness and confounding. A major restriction of this survey is heterogeneity amongst the sample, that merely 123 participants and increase in societal operation is limited to merely 3 months. Therefore, the medium to long-run effects of societal intercession within this group remain mostly unknown. Another research spread is the absence of a dynamic medicine attachment related surveies aimed at this group, which have been identii ¬?ed as of import for accomplishing attachment and better result for depression ( Miranda, et al. , 2003 ) . Addressing the opposition from household members around issue of confidentiality and stigma amongst this population may be best accomplished through culturally appropriate communicating schemes that installations warm and empathy and societal capital. In contrast, the research suggests that societal intercession although it improves depression in the short tally will non accomplish meaningful betterments in the long tally without antidepressant. ( Department of Health, 2007 ) emphasises partnership working, regard for diverseness, strengths and aspirations and service users centred. Its focal point on effectivity, answerability and personal development are congruent with the rules of grounds based pattern. ( Slade, 2009 ) noted that personal recovery is a challenging and contested construct within the sphere of empirical grounds. The multi facet degree of mental unwellness is apparent in the definition of mental wellness, the impact of intervention and the societal effects. However, ( Resnick, Fontana, Lehman, A ; RA, 2005 ) highlighted that authorization, hope and optimism, cognition and life satisfaction result that are cardinal to the recovery theoretical account allows the prevalence of recovery to be investigated through empirical observation. ( Gould, 2010 ) As stated in ( Gater, et al. , 2009 ) , an epidemiology of depression that accounts for societal support and societal troubles is critical. Social context of depression However, depression is associated with of import negative effects, such as societal exclusion, low self-pride. Social exclusion harmonizing to ( Hills, LeGrand, A ; Piachaud, 2004 ) should be conceptualise in the context of the personal, cultural and structural dimension and highlighted deficiency of societal interaction as a signifier of societal exclusion. Attuned to cultural beliefs and norms Social and inclusive pattern have been developed and reinforced by the Capabilities for Inclusive Practice ( Department of Health, 2007 ) study: working in partnership, esteeming diverseness. Assessment requires service users engagement and entree to information to do informed pick. This theoretical account of appraisal has to be cultural sensitive and proactive in nature. Psychosocial appraisal Although societal support is often referred to as good in relation to depression, there has been small effort to stipulate what this means and to measure the effectivity of intercessions to cut down isolation. ( Tew, 2004 ) Partnership working is important in following a societal theoretical account of intercession. Culturally sensitive pattern. ( Gater, Waheed, Husain, Tomenson, Aseem, A ; Creed, 2010 ) ( Webber W. , 2011 ) Research indicates that ( Oakley, Strange, Toroyan, Wiggins, Roberts, A ; Stephenson, 2003 ) Mental wellness is pattern within a context of multi-disciplinary coaction to incorporate the bio-psychosocial theoretical account of pattern. The execution of EBP within this context has to account for the theoretical premises that underpin this country of pattern. This involves preparation and supervising. Research by ( Huxley, et al. , 2005 ) indicated emphasis of workers as accounting for their deficiency of implementing EBP. noted that another ground for EBP non been implemented is due to stereotyped premises that black and cultural minorities prefer informal support than support from professional. One barrier to effectual appraisal and intercession for depression epidemiology Another barrier is the reluctance of cultural minority group to portion their emotional symptoms due to household force per unit area and perceive stigma. To get the better of these barriers, -social intercession that accounts for societal capital is important. EBP therefore requires pattern that is needs non resources leads if services are to be provided that are of sound professional opinion. Percepts about depression and stigma have been through empirical observation supported in experimental, cross-sectional and longitudinal surveies to decline depression and affect interpersonal result and societal support ( Thomsen, 2006 ) . Analysis and brooding procedure of informations aggregation, the transparences about the relational nature of the research, and the ways which service users perspective are constructed through a respectful partnership and reflexiveness of how our values, theoretical premises, policies, past experiences and the context in which pattern takes topographic point. Trust and openness in research relationship a mutual procedure right- based analytical attack ( Department of Health, 2008 ) ethical and critical engage that with respectful uncertainnesss that reflect on the procedure of battle and analysis Common and sincere coaction, over clip respectful uncertainnesss Using multiple informations beginnings to account for publication biasness and multiple positions and ways of cognizing Recognition of complexnesss of worlds Use of reflexiveness focal point on contexts of and relationships between research worker and researched as determining the creative activity of cognition. Ethical consideration in cognition ( Gask, Aseem, Waquas, A ; Waheed, 2011 ) understanding how symptoms are expressed and perceive. Understanding emotional expressiveness within cultural context. Decision In decision, societal intercession has highlighted schemes that have demonstrated some success for bettering aid seeking. Given the complexnesss and multi facet dimension of single experiences and the context in which needs occurs, it is imperative that the singularity of person is taken into history within the paradigm of culturally competent pattern ( Dalrymple and Burke, 2006 ) . In add-on, Social Work pattern draws on theoretical cognition from societal scientific disciplines, which are normally Eurocentric, it is indispensable, that Social Work pattern integrate cognition from best grounds for it to run into it ethical duty to counter oppressive and prejudiced pattern ( Thompson N. , 2003 ) ( Webber W. , 2011 ) . ( Thompson N. 2003 )

Biography of Ernest Lawrence, Inventor of the Cyclotron

Biography of Ernest Lawrence, Inventor of the Cyclotron Ernest Lawrence (August 8, 1901–August 27, 1958) was an American physicist who invented the cyclotron, a device used to accelerate charged particles in a spiral pattern with the help of a magnetic field. The cyclotron and its successors have been integral to the field of high-energy physics. Lawrence received the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics for this invention. Lawrence also played an essential role in the Manhattan Project, procuring much of the uranium isotope used in the atomic bomb launched on Hiroshima, Japan. In addition, he was notable for advocating government sponsorship of large research programs, or Big Science. Fast Facts: Ernest Lawrence Occupation: PhysicistKnown For: Winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of the cyclotron; worked on the Manhattan ProjectBorn: August 8, 1901 in Canton, South DakotaDied: August 27, 1958 in Palo Alto, CaliforniaParents: Carl and Gunda LawrenceEducation: University of South Dakota (B.A.), University of Minnesota (M.A.), Yale University (Ph.D.)Spouse: Mary Kimberly (Molly) BlumerChildren: Eric, Robert, Barbara, Mary, Margaret, and Susan Early Life and Education Ernest Lawrence was the eldest son of Carl and Gunda Lawrence, who were both educators of Norwegian ancestry. He grew up around people who went on to become successful scientists: his younger brother John collaborated with him on the medical applications of the cyclotron, and his childhood best friend Merle Tuve was a pioneering physicist. Lawrence attended Canton High School, then studied for a year at Saint Olaf College in Minnesota before transferring to the University of South Dakota. There, he earned his bachelor’s degree in chemistry, graduating in 1922. Initially a premed student, Lawrence switched to physics with the encouragement of Lewis Akeley, a dean and a professor of physics and chemistry at the university. As an influential figure in Lawrence’s life, Dean Akeley’s picture would later hang on the wall of Lawrence’s office, a gallery that included notable scientists such as Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford. Lawrence earned his master’s degree in physics from the University of Minnesota in 1923, then a Ph.D. from Yale in 1925. He remained at Yale for three more years, first as a research fellow and later assistant professor, before becoming an associate professor at the University of California, Berkeley in 1928. In 1930, at the age of 29, Lawrence became a full professor at Berkeley- the youngest-ever faculty member to hold that title. Inventing the Cyclotron Lawrence came up with the idea of the cyclotron after poring over a diagram in a paper written by the Norwegian engineer Rolf Wideroe. Wideroes paper described a device that could produce high-energy particles by â€Å"pushing† them back and forth between two linear electrodes. However, accelerating particles to high enough energies for study would require linear electrodes that were too long to contain within a laboratory. Lawrence realized that a circular, rather than linear, accelerator could employ a similar method to accelerate charged particles in a spiral pattern. Lawrence developed the cyclotron with some of his first graduate students, including Niels Edlefsen and M. Stanley Livingston. Edlefsen helped develop the first proof-of-concept of the cyclotron: a 10-centimeter, circular device made of bronze, wax, and glass. Subsequent cyclotrons were larger and capable of accelerating particles to higher and higher energies. A cyclotron roughly 50 times bigger than the first was completed in 1946. It required a magnet that weighed 4,000 tons and a building that was about 160 feet in diameter and 100 feet tall. Manhattan Project During World War II, Lawrence worked on the Manhattan Project, helping to develop the atomic bomb. The atomic bomb required the â€Å"fissionable† isotope of uranium, uranium-235, and needed to be separated from the much more abundant isotope uranium-238. Lawrence proposed that the two could be separated because of their small mass difference, and developed working devices called â€Å"calutrons† that could separate the two isotopes electromagnetically. Lawrence’s calutrons were used to separate out uranium-235, which was then purified by other devices. Most of the uranium-235 in the atomic bomb that destroyed Hiroshima, Japan was obtained using Lawrence’s devices. Later Life and Death After World War II, Lawrence campaigned for Big Science: massive government spending on large scientific programs. He was part of the U.S. delegation at the 1958 Geneva Conference, which was an attempt to suspend the testing of atomic bombs. However, Lawrence became ill while at Geneva and returned to Berkeley, where he died one month later on August 27, 1958. After Lawrences death, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory were named in his honor. Legacy Lawrence’s largest contribution was the development of the cyclotron. With his cyclotron, Lawrence produced an element that did not occur in nature, technetium, as well as radioisotopes. Lawrence also explored the cyclotron’s applications in biomedical research; for example, the cyclotron could produce radioactive isotopes, which could be used to treat cancer or as tracers for studies in metabolism. The cyclotron design later inspired particle accelerators, such as the synchrotron, which have been used to make significant strides in particle physics. The Large Hadron Collider, which was used to discover the Higgs boson, is a synchrotron. Sources Alvarez, Luis W. Ernest Orlando Lawrence. (1970): 251-294.†American Institute of Physics.† Lawrence and the bomb.† n.d.Berdahl, Robert M. The Lawrence Legacy. 10 December 2001.Birge, Raymond T. Presentation of the Nobel Prize to professor Ernest O. Lawrence. Science (1940): 323-329.Hiltzik, Michael. Big Science: Ernest Lawrence and the Invention that Launched the Military-Industrial Complex. Simon Schuster, 2016.Keats, Jonathon. â€Å"The man who invented Big Science, Ernest Lawrence.† 16 July 2015.Rosenfeld, Carrie. â€Å"Ernest O. Lawrence (1901 - 1958).† n.d.Yarris, Lynn. â€Å"Lab mourns death of Molly Lawrence, widow of Ernest O. Lawrence.† January 8 2003.

Shakespeares Sonnet 3 Analysis

Shakespeares Sonnet 3 Analysis Shakespeare’s Sonnet 3: Look In Thy Glass, And Tell The Face Thou Viewest is elegantly written and noted for its simplicity and efficacy. The poet reminds us of the fair youth’s self-preoccupation; in the first line, Shakespeare mentions the fair youth looking into a mirror to remind us of his vanity: Look in thy glass, and tell the face thou viewest /  Now is the time that face should form another. The poet informs us that the fair youth is very much like his mother, suggesting that he is quite feminine. This comparison between the fair youth and a woman frequently features in Shakespeare’s sonnets. Shakespeare suggests that his beauty reminds the world and his mother of how pretty she once was. He is in his prime and should act now – if the fair youth continues to be single, his beauty will die with him. This analysis should be read in conjunction with the original text to Sonnet 3  from our collection of Shakespeare’s sonnets. The Facts ofSonnet 3 Sequence: Fair Youth SonnetsKey Themes: Procreation, a child providing evidence of one’s worth and former beauty, to abstain is to deny the world, preoccupation with the fair youth’s feminine features, death prohibiting the continuation of beauty, and obsession with the fair youth’s beautyStyle:  Traditional  sonnet form  in  iambic pentameter  Ã‚   Sonnet 3 Translation Look in the mirror and tell your face that now is the time your face should create another (to have a child). These youthful looks, if you do not procreate, will be lost and the world will be denied, as would the potential mother of your child. The woman who has not been fertilized would not frown upon the way you do the fertilizing. Are you so in love with yourself that you would let yourself perish rather than procreate? You look just like your mother and in you, she is able to see how beautiful she once was in her prime. When you are old you will see that despite your wrinkles, you will be so proud of what you did in your prime. But if you live and you do not breed you will die single and your beauty will die with you. Analysis The poet is frustrated at the Fair Youths refusal to procreate so that his beauty can live on through a child, rather than be lost to aging and death. Furthermore, by refusing to breed, the poet goes as far to suggest that the Fair Youth is denying a woman (or women in general) the pleasure of his beauty. In a later sonnet, it is referred to as a kind of crime to nature! All of this argument is built up to highlight the Fair Youths vanity once again - he was accused once again of self-love.   The poet implores the fair youth to procreate now. This urgency is apparent and the speaker clearly believes there is no time to spare, perhaps because his own feelings for the fair youths beauty are growing and he wants to deny these feelings by urging him into a heterosexual union as soon as possible before his feelings get out of control? The tone of this sonnet is also interesting. It marks the poets growing obsession over the Fair Youth and the intensity of the poet’s feelings towards the Fair Youth floods through. This continues to grow throughout the sonnets.

Are we our bodies or are we our minds Descartes and Nietzsche's Essay

Are we our bodies or are we our minds Descartes and Nietzsche's arguments - Essay Example I will discuss and compare arguments from both philosophers’ viewpoints in order to reach a conclusion. In â€Å"Meditations on First Philosophy,† Rene Descartes begins to uncover the underlying truth for humankind through various methods. His ideas and thoughts were considered radical at that time, particularly because his arguments went against those made by Aristotle, upon which society perceived truth (SparkNotes Editors). Because of this fact, Descartes tried to entice Aristotelian philosophers into reading all six meditations by starting off light. The first meditation is supposed to build the groundwork and is not supposed to come up with any quick answers. Descartes conveys to himself that whatever he thinks he knows so far must be doubted in order to build a solid foundation that cannot be proven false. He argues in the first meditation that his body is faulty and is bound to make errors. This leads him to believe that it cannot be trusted in showing him what t he real truth is. In addition, he also starts to doubt his senses as they are an extension of his body and are thus flawed. Left with knowing nothing, Descartes slowly transcends into deep thought and begins to ponder if the world in which he lives is just a â€Å"universal dream† where some evil genius is trying to manipulate him in every possible way. The first meditation literally means â€Å"concerning those things that can be called into doubt.† This meditation raises many interesting concepts that Descartes attempts to explain. Descartes doubts his own beliefs because he recalls that they have deceived him previously. His reasoning is that if we have been deceived once, then there is the possibility that we may be deceived again. To avoid this from happening, Descartes believes that we must discard the ideas and thoughts that we doubt because they are untrustworthy. From these thoughts, Descartes come up with the idea of the Dream Argument. The explanation of thi s is that if he is dreaming or is being deceived, then his beliefs are unreliable. The concept of the Dream Argument shows up in the following meditations in the form of an â€Å"evil genius† who blinds everyone and tries to deceive us for his own benefit. Descartes explains how he feels that he is dreaming even when he is not. Descartes’ Dream Argument also suggests that he now has reasons to not believe his senses any longer because his senses are the tools in which he uses to perceive things around him. The upshot of Descartes’ argument is that he needs to hold judgment on his beliefs until they can be proven beyond belief. He admits that he habitually accepts truths about the world around him without basing his beliefs on proof. Skepticism is linked throughout Descartes’ first meditation; although he admits that no one can be fully skeptical of everything without good reason. However, he argues that it is difficult to justify dismissing skepticism (Sp arkNotes Editors). After Descartes finishes the key points of his first meditation, he then moves onto the second meditation. In the next meditation, Descartes makes a distinct argument for why the mind is important in our existence and for survival, and also how it is more known than the body is. Descartes builds upon his argument from the first meditation in his second meditation. This meditation is known as â€Å"on the nature of the human mind, which is better known than the body.† Descartes pushes forward in his quest for the absolute

International and Cross-Cultural Marketing Essay

International and Cross-Cultural Marketing - Essay Example The concept of cross cultural marketing suggests that it is important for the marketers to know that there is very little room for ethnocentrism in the modem 21st century and there is no culture that is superior to the other. Globalization is inevitable and so is ‘cross-culturalization’. Hence one of the key parameters of success for global firms would be the ability to distinguish and understand the cultural aspects of the host nations. The present context of the study has been conducted to analyze the international and cross cultural marketing strategy of Al- Jumeirah a UAE based luxury hotel chain. The host or target country has been selected as China. The reason for such choice is due to the fact that china is one of the fastest growing economies in the world and since the entry of china in to WTO various major companies are looking to enter the prospective Chinese market. ... egment; positioning; cultural; educational; demographic issues of China has been analyzed along a set of recommendations for Jumeirah for the future has been provided (Deresky, 2011, p. 231). Reasons making the transfer of practices attractive to the parent company Presence in Saturated Markets Prior to the entry to China Jumeirah has had presence in the saturated and matured economies like UAE (the home country), U.K., Germany. Such economies provide very few opportunities of growth. Also the economic downturn possessed additional threat to the luxury hotel chain. Hence in order to gain the competitive advantage and cope up with the volatile economy the hotel chain decided to enter China . (Doole and Lowe, 2008, p. 391) High amount capital gain from local market Another probable factor could be the relative strong position of the hotel chain that may have prompted the hotel chain to enter in China. Analysis (Findings) Factors influence the transfer of such practices Market Attractiv eness Entry of China to WTO In an attempt to welcome foreign companies invest in China after several years of negotiation the country became a member of WTO in September 2001. This opened up the economy of China as the trade related barriers went down. This was the beginning of the economic developments in China. Today China is regarded as one o the most emerging economies in the world (Appendix1). Educational Developments in China As foreign companies started to come to China; the demand for the skilled labours went up. Over the years the Chinese education system has gone through several reforms. The government has made considerable amount of investment to develop the colleges and universities. The focus of the government has shifted from quantity based education system to quality based

Double Standards Every Woman Should Know Essay Example for Free

Double Standards Every Woman Should Know Essay For this book analysis I chose to read a book from this list of books that hasn’t been mentioned much in class. We have been talking about God and topics that are more controversial in society. I read the book He’s a Stud, She’s a Slut, and 49 Other Double Standards Every Woman Should Know by Jessica Valenti. This book was easy to read with Valentis short essays and thoughts on modern feminism, stereotypes, and heightening ones awareness to pervasive myths about women. Double standards are nothing new. Women deal with them every day. Take the common truism that women who sleep around are sluts while men are studs. None of the information was really unexpected or suprising to me because it’s all true. Every women is stereotyped by the way she talks, the way she dresses, her personality, etc, while a man isn’t really stereotyped because people think it’s ok for men to do the things they do, that it makes him look like a stud not a player. The examples Valenti uses are familiar and widespread: he’s tough, she’s a tomboy; he’s a bachelor, she’s a spinster; he’s angry, she’s PMSing; he’s successful, she’s a showoff. Perhaps the most widely cited is the â€Å"he’s the boss, she’s a bitch† scenario, which has been the subject of countless editorials in the past decade. Some of the questions I was seeking to answer when reading this book were am I a feminist? What can feminism do for me? This book made me realize I am a feminist. I believe men and women should all have equal rights and opportunities. Some people may not want to admit they are feminist because they think that feminists are mean, angry, man hating, hairy, lesbians, but they really aren’t. In all of reality feminism refers to movements aimed at establishing and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for women. Some questions that have arisen are why is it that men grow distinguished and sexily gray as they age while women just get saggy and haggard? Isn’t it unfair that working moms are labeled bad for focusing on their careers while we shake our heads in disbelief when we hear about the occasional stay at home dad? 3a. â€Å"When I was in high school, I had a reputation—a bad one,† she writes. â€Å"It felt, at the time, like the reputation†¦had materialized out of nowhere. And I was confused.† That experience helped to shape her fascination with how the prevailing culture puts men and women into different categories, even when they act in the exact same way. She was categorized because of her sex which wasn’t fair to her, and it isn’t fair to many other women that are being categorized because of their sex. Men aren’t any better then women. 3b. When Valenti said â€Å"He’s dating a young woman, she’s a cougar?† Really? I thought men were cradle robbers. Men aren’t studs anymore, they’re usually players or, simply, douche bags. I probably agree that some double standards do exist but I tend to think that this whole patriarchal society thing, while it is somewhat valid, is honestly most often perpetuated by women j udging each other.

Investors and Hedge Funds Essay -- Business, Investment

Are hedge funds suitable for retail investors? There are many different reasons that mankind save and invest for. Generally, pension fund is the best choice for investors who are not keen to take risks. The pension fund is by far the highest number of investment that is low risk for many people. However, the pension fund is low return as well. â€Å"At annuity rate 8% of per annum (p.a.), a pension of  £20,000 a year requires a pension fund of  £250,000† (Redhead, 2008:1). In 1949, the first hedge fund was created by Alfred Jones. However, over the past 5 years, the expansion of the hedge funds is really incredible. According to the published statement, there was an increase in the number of hedge funds from 1,435 to 2,073 in 2005. Furthermore, in globally, the estimation of hedge funds is around 12,000 in 2006 (Strachman, 2007). Making a great deal of return in every market is an objective of hedge funds, that being able to make profit in any conditions whether positive, negative or stable. Hedge funds are usually a small private group which is suitable for wealthy people who accept high risk and keen to accept limitless liabilities for losses (Liang, 1999). The investment skills of the hedge funds managers may relate to the performance of hedge funds rather than market performance. Hedge funds use flexibility of investment strategy and style and also seek optimistic profits with irrespective to the way of markets. Short-selling, leverage and derivatives are often used by the managers of hedge fund. Flexibility, self-rule with admiration their investment plans and secrecy are desired by the most of hedge funds managers (Redhead, 2008:351). Shleifer and Vishny (1997) mentioned that the investors, invested in hedge funds, who ign... ...ured by kurtosis and skewnessâ€Å"(Redhead, 2008: 356). Gregoriou (2002) achieved with a survival study of hedge funds. It evaluates the possible life of whole and surely looks for the affected factors of the length of its life. He estimated that the mean life of them was 5.5 years. It also has several related factors which linked with long life such as large size, high returns low leverage, and low minimum purchase requirements. Because of poor performance was major cause to make the hedge funds be defunct initially. Baquero et al. (2005) also informed that great hedge funds with high returns were a reduced amount of result probable to pay a debt. As a result, investors who are investing with the hedge fund should deeply learn and concentrate on information of hedge funds’ life because the funds cannot be withdrawn throughout investment (Redhead, 2008:355). Investors and Hedge Funds Essay -- Business, Investment Are hedge funds suitable for retail investors? There are many different reasons that mankind save and invest for. Generally, pension fund is the best choice for investors who are not keen to take risks. The pension fund is by far the highest number of investment that is low risk for many people. However, the pension fund is low return as well. â€Å"At annuity rate 8% of per annum (p.a.), a pension of  £20,000 a year requires a pension fund of  £250,000† (Redhead, 2008:1). In 1949, the first hedge fund was created by Alfred Jones. However, over the past 5 years, the expansion of the hedge funds is really incredible. According to the published statement, there was an increase in the number of hedge funds from 1,435 to 2,073 in 2005. Furthermore, in globally, the estimation of hedge funds is around 12,000 in 2006 (Strachman, 2007). Making a great deal of return in every market is an objective of hedge funds, that being able to make profit in any conditions whether positive, negative or stable. Hedge funds are usually a small private group which is suitable for wealthy people who accept high risk and keen to accept limitless liabilities for losses (Liang, 1999). The investment skills of the hedge funds managers may relate to the performance of hedge funds rather than market performance. Hedge funds use flexibility of investment strategy and style and also seek optimistic profits with irrespective to the way of markets. Short-selling, leverage and derivatives are often used by the managers of hedge fund. Flexibility, self-rule with admiration their investment plans and secrecy are desired by the most of hedge funds managers (Redhead, 2008:351). Shleifer and Vishny (1997) mentioned that the investors, invested in hedge funds, who ign... ...ured by kurtosis and skewnessâ€Å"(Redhead, 2008: 356). Gregoriou (2002) achieved with a survival study of hedge funds. It evaluates the possible life of whole and surely looks for the affected factors of the length of its life. He estimated that the mean life of them was 5.5 years. It also has several related factors which linked with long life such as large size, high returns low leverage, and low minimum purchase requirements. Because of poor performance was major cause to make the hedge funds be defunct initially. Baquero et al. (2005) also informed that great hedge funds with high returns were a reduced amount of result probable to pay a debt. As a result, investors who are investing with the hedge fund should deeply learn and concentrate on information of hedge funds’ life because the funds cannot be withdrawn throughout investment (Redhead, 2008:355).

Kath Walker’s We Are Gloing

Basically the theme of the poem is the Aboriginals oppression. The fact they have had to give up on their old way of life and let go of the world that used to be theirs. The Aboriginals knew â€Å"We belong here, we are of the old ways† but eventually through white civilisation and development this life is â€Å"Gone and scattered,† everything is gone and now they had to leave. In summary, the theme of this poem is the oppression experienced by the Indigenous population that resulted in a loss of culture and life for the Indigenous now â€Å"gone and scattered. One example of a technique in the poem includes repetition such as that of the word ‘gone. ‘ The word gone typifies the themes of loss and it's repetition enforces this concept. Other techniques include alliteration such as ‘silent and subdued,' similes such as â€Å"Where now the many white men hurry about like ants,† capitalisation of the word Thunder, six stanza structure, first perso n narration etc. Good luck! The obvious technique is slow deliberate repetition. This reinforces the ancient sigh of a people dispossessed. All that is sacred has been violated. A history is being expunged. Alliteration: subdued and silent ( we even faintly hear the shush) Simile: white men hurry about like ants There are metaphors used by the naive speaker in this poem. They are the land, the elements, the fauna, the flora and the history. The warning is all this heart will be gone if the white man has his way. Kath Walker was right. Her warning was not heard. And they are gone! 1. Explain why they are â€Å"silent and subdued†. 2. How are white men represented? Why? 3. What is a bora ring and explain why it is so central to this poem. 4. Explain their reaction in line 8. 5. Lines 9-17 begin a ‘litany’. What is the effect produced? 6. Comment on the significance of metaphors used in the poem. 7. Comment on the structure and form of this poem. 8. Why does Thunder have a capital letter? 9. Comment on the mood and atmosphere created here. 10. Combine comments on its theme, title and conclusion. Answers 1. They were silent and subdued because little remained of their tribe and many strangers were busy at work like ants. 2. The white men were represented as ants because they were busy at work and hurrying around. 3. A bora ring is where an initiation is performed and is hardened earth done by foot which is surrounded by raised embankments in a formation of a circle and it is central because the bora ring is not being respected as a sign says, â€Å"Rubbish maybe tipped here†. 4. Their reaction meant that to the white men they are strangers and are treated like they don’t belong in Australia but the Aboriginals feel that the white men are the strangers and are in their land. 5. It gives an effect of showing their side of really saying that they are the real natives of Australia and not the white men and that now that they are the past. 6. It compares and shows how the Aboriginals feel. 7. It has six stanzas and has no rhyming pattern. 8. The emphasis the word as thunder is really the loud terrifying sound as a result of lightning. 9. They are in the fresh air of Australia near the Bora Ring and the mood is of sadness and subduedness because of how the Bora Ring is being mistreated. 10. ‘We are going’ are the three words in the title, conclusion and theme and portrays how the life of the Aboriginals would be as the Aboriginals are not welcome to their own homeland therefore they are saying that they will leave their old ways and be cast upon a low unwanted class forever.

Categorical imperative Essay

Abstract Immanuel Kantis one of the most influential philosophers in the history of the Western philosophy. His contribution two metaphysical epistemology, ethic, and aesthetics have had a profound impact on almost every philosophical movements that followed him. Kant believe that, in knowledge originated in our senses and that the mind is a blank slate, that becames populated with ideas by its interaction with the world. Kant Influence on Criminal Justice In New World Encyclopedia (2013) states that Immanuel Kant was born, and spent the majority of his life in the city Konigsberg , the capital of East Prussia. His father was a German craftsman. His parents baptized him as Emanuel Kant, which he later changed to Immanuel after learning Hebrew. He attended the Collegium Fridiciaum at the age of eight. After eight years of study in there, he went to the University of Konideberg where he studied philosophy and mathematics. The death of his father affected him greatly, however, with the support of a friend he earned and received his doctrine in 1756. After befriending the English merchant Joseph Green, who instilled in Kant arespect for living in accordance to strict observed rules of behavior, he began to live a very regulated life. For the remainder of his life Kant remain unmarried and owned only one piece of art in his household, advocating the absence of passion in flavor of logic. He never left Prussia and rarelyventured out oh his hometown. He was a respected and very competitive university professor for most of his life. Historical repute did not come to him until he was in his late 50’s. In 1740, he went to the University to study philosophers Gottfried Leinbniz and Christian Wolff under the tutelage of Martin Knutsen , who was familiar with the development of British philosophy and science. It is there that Knutsen introduced Kant to a new system of mathematics by Sir Isaac Newton (1997). In 1746, Kant wrote the paper on measurements of reflecting Leibniz’s influence. In 1755 he then became a private lecture at the University, and while there he published â€Å"Inquiry into the Distinctness of the Principles of Natural Theology and Morals† in which he examines the problem of having a logical system of philosophy that was connected with the world of natural philosophy, a concern typically of the period. In that same year he published a piece titled â€Å"In Dreams of a spirit-seer Elucidated by Dreams of Metaphysics†. For the next 10 years, he work solely on the architecture of his own philosophy. Then in 1781 he released the † Critique of Pure Reason†, This work was to become the most influential, widely cited, and distributed work in Western philosophy. He then followed with his work † Ground of Metaphysic of Morals†. Then in 1788 who wrote † Critique of Practical Reason† then he finished and perfected his work on † Critique of Judgment† (2005). Almost all of his work was attacked and criticize seriously, practically his ideas on category, or, the place of free will and determinism, and weather we are capable of processing true and corrected knowledge of eternal reality. In his life Kant wrote a number of lesser known essays on history, politics and the application of philosophy of life. When he died in 1804, he was working on an incomplete manuscript that has since been published as† Opus Postmum†. Immanuel Kant had an interesting system of beliefs. It’s based on the beliefs , that reasoning is the final authority for morality. Actions of any sort, he believed, must be done from a sense of duty dictated by reason, and no action the form for expediency for solely in obedience to the law or custom can be regarded as moral. Moral , according to Kant, is apt done for the right reasons. Kant what are you that to make a promise for wrong reason is not moral, in other words, you might as well not make the promise. You must have a duty, or, correct moral inside of you, and for your folly of lying, your actions would only give you away. Kant described in common command given by reason: the hypothetical imperative, which dictates a given course of action to reach a specific end; and the categorical imperative, which dictates a course of action that must be followed because of moral rightness and necessity. It is also stated that Kant believe it to be irrational to perform in action if the action maxim contradicted itself once made into a universal law of nature (2013). In other words, before you act, you must decide what rules would be following if you were to act, whether you would are willing for rules to be followed by everyone. If you are willing to universalize the act, it must be moral; its not, then the act become morallyimpermissible. Kant police not the welfare of each individual should probably be regarded as in and itself, as stated in † Formula of the End† (2013) in itself: act in such a way that you always treating humanely weather in your own person or in the person of another, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end. Kant believed that the moral rules are without exception. Therefore, it is wrong to kill all situations even the case of self defense. This thought comes from the Universal Law Theory (2010). Since we never wanted to in order to become a universal law then it must be a moral in all situations. For what Kant’ s describe in his rules of absolut Killing, according to Kant, could never made universal law, therefore it is wrong and each in every situation. There are never any extentuating circumstance, such as self defense. Is out current laws were left to Kant , people would be prosecuted for everything since there is no extentuating circumstances. Kant cateorical imperative is a tri-dynamic statement of philosophical thought: (1) Actso that the maximum of your will always hold, at the same time as principles is stablished universal law. (2) Acts so as to treat everything with the upmost humanity, including your own person as well as everyone else, and always as an end but never as a mean. (3) Act according to maxim as a universal legislative member of a mere potential Kingdom of ends (2010). In other words Kant’ s argument that particular actions require constant thoughts for roll covering it, that the rule is acceptable for universal action should be adopted, its not, then it should be rejected. In order to understand whether or not actions follow Kant’ s category imperative, we must prescribe post normal what we wish to be universal laws. The norms that create to value judgement are based on issues involving justice between a few people or groups or nation. He further states that thought his cognitive development of peaceful interaction of building of Republic, we can create a community as natural result of unimpeded development of human facilities (1997). Kant states that because we must believe in all the things develop to the fullest capacity, then we could the theorize that, in summary, through congnitive processes we can create community, based on moral (ethical) action towards every person, thereby creating universal ethic throughout the community. Refrence Immanuel Kant . (2013). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from World Wide Web. http://www. Britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/311398/Immanuel-Kant Immanuel Kant -Biography. (1997). In The Eurpean Graduate School. Retrieved September 30, 2013 from Immanuel Kant (2013, August 5). New World Encyclopedia,. Retrieved 00:44, September 30, 2013 From http://www. newworldencyclopedia. org/p/index. php? title=Immanuel_Kant&oldid=972023 Immanuel Kant -Biography. (1997). In The Eurpean Graduate School. Retrieved September 30, 2013 from http://www. egs. edu/library/immanuel-kant/biography/. Immanuel Kant (2013, August 5). New World Encyclopedic, . Retrieved 00:44 September 30, 2013 From http://newworldencyclopedia. org/P/index. php? title=Immanuel_Kant&oldid=972023 McCormick, M. (2005). Immanuel Kant: Metaphysics. In Internet Encyclopedic of Philosophy (April 17, 2001 ed. ) Retrieved September 30, 2013 from http://www. iep. utm. edu/Kantmeta/ Rolf, Micheal. † Immanuel Kant. † The Standford Encyclopedic of Philosophy. Ed. Edward N. Zalta. Fall 2010 ed. 2010. Stanford University. Web 30 Sept. 2013. References.

Free Essays on Michealangelo Vinci

Michelangelo was pessimistic in his poetry and an optimist in his artwork. Michelangelo’s artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it’s natural state. Michelangelo’s poetry was pessimistic in his response to Strazzi even though he was complementing him. Michelangelo’s sculpture brought out his optimism. Michelangelo was optimistic in completing The Tomb of Pope Julius II and persevered through it’s many revisions trying to complete his vision. Sculpture was Michelangelo’s main goal and the love of his life. Since his art portrayed both optimism and pessimism, Michelangelo was in touch with his positive and negative sides, showing that he had a great and stable personality. Michelangelo’s artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it’s natural state. Michelangelo Buonarroti was called to Rome in 1505 by Pope Julius II to create for him a monumental tomb. We have no clear sen se of what the tomb was to look like, since over the years it went through at least five conceptual revisions. The tomb was to have three levels; the bottom level was to have sculpted figures representing Victory and bond slaves. The second level was to have statues of Moses and Saint Paul as well as symbolic figures of the active and contemplative life- representative of the human striving for, and reception of, knowledge. The third level, it is assumed, was to have an effigy of the deceased pope. The tomb of Pope Julius II was never finished. What was finished of the tomb represents a twenty-year span of frustrating delays and revised schemes. Michelangelo had hardly begun work on the pope’s tomb when Julius commanded him to fresco the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel to complete the work done in the previous century under Sixtus IV. The overall organization consists of four large triangles at the corner; a series of eight triangular spaces on the outer border; an intermediate series of figures; ... Free Essays on Michealangelo Vinci Free Essays on Michealangelo Vinci Michelangelo was pessimistic in his poetry and an optimist in his artwork. Michelangelo’s artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it’s natural state. Michelangelo’s poetry was pessimistic in his response to Strazzi even though he was complementing him. Michelangelo’s sculpture brought out his optimism. Michelangelo was optimistic in completing The Tomb of Pope Julius II and persevered through it’s many revisions trying to complete his vision. Sculpture was Michelangelo’s main goal and the love of his life. Since his art portrayed both optimism and pessimism, Michelangelo was in touch with his positive and negative sides, showing that he had a great and stable personality. Michelangelo’s artwork consisted of paintings and sculptures that showed humanity in it’s natural state. Michelangelo Buonarroti was called to Rome in 1505 by Pope Julius II to create for him a monumental tomb. We have no clear sen se of what the tomb was to look like, since over the years it went through at least five conceptual revisions. The tomb was to have three levels; the bottom level was to have sculpted figures representing Victory and bond slaves. The second level was to have statues of Moses and Saint Paul as well as symbolic figures of the active and contemplative life- representative of the human striving for, and reception of, knowledge. The third level, it is assumed, was to have an effigy of the deceased pope. The tomb of Pope Julius II was never finished. What was finished of the tomb represents a twenty-year span of frustrating delays and revised schemes. Michelangelo had hardly begun work on the pope’s tomb when Julius commanded him to fresco the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel to complete the work done in the previous century under Sixtus IV. The overall organization consists of four large triangles at the corner; a series of eight triangular spaces on the outer border; an intermediate series of figures; ...

How to Make Rock Salt

How to Make Rock Salt Rock salt is a natural, unrefined salt consisting of large crystals with mineral impurities. Sometimes the impurities color the salt. For example, natural salt occurs in white, pink, red, and black. The grain size, color, and flavor make rock salt popular for recipes, bath products, and crafts, but it can be expensive! You can make your own rock salt substitute from regular table salt. Rock Salt Materials Salt (NaCl) - You can use iodized salt, uniodized salt, or sea salt.WaterFood coloring (optional) Grow Rock Salt Crystals Heat the water to a rolling boil. Very hot tap water is not hot enough because salt solubility depends on temperature.Stir in salt until no more will dissolve.If desired, add a couple of drops of food coloring. Two drops of red and one of yellow will give you rock salt that resembles pink Himalayan rock salt.Pour the solution into a clean container. For the cleanest crystals, avoid getting undissolved salt into this new container. On the other hand, for the quickest results, leave the undissolved salt to help start crystal growth.Let the salt crystals grow. As the water evaporates, the liquid becomes more concentrated and the crystals will grow more quickly. When you are satisfied with the amount you have (or the crystals stop growing), pour off the remaining liquid and let the salt dry. You can break it into pieces and store it in a sealed bag or jar.

Analysis of the War on Terror Discourse from the Perspective of Dissertation

Analysis of the War on Terror Discourse from the Perspective of Systemic - Functional Linguistics - Dissertation Example Halliday’s Systemic-Functional Linguistics. Before we go into the actual formation in the speeches, let us first re-examine the core essence of the Interpersonal Metafunction within SFL itself. There are three component areas: the speaker/writer persona, social distance, and relative social status. Interpersonal Metafunction within SFL Societies, or individual if you like, form contexts based on experience. The evolution of experience, therefore, equals the evolution of meaning. However, the system of this formation is more a maze than a cycle because almost every components is a variable whose value is relative to almost every receiver in the formation of the experience. On the interpersonal level, the context and meaning of a text depends largely on speaker/writer, the giver of the text. From the image, persona, and all that constructs the speaker/writer stands for, the context is formed and subsequent meaning to the text is attached. It is, therefore, almost impossible to e xamine any process of information exchange by isolating the speaker or source of the message from historical frameworks. By now, some of you are probably saying that contexts are also largely formed by the receiver’s personal experience. ... However, expressions of future orientation or modalities are not independent causations that you can examine in isolation. In fact, these are results rather than causes of a long process where language is constructed, evolved, deconstructed and elevated to a position of power that can change countries and its destiny. A political speech is one clear example of how the interpersonal metafunction can influence and even manipulate human experience through systematic functional linguistics. Political speeches are delivered rarely as a mode of reporting. Political speeches are delivered to convince, gain votes, get approval of current and prospective voters primarily and all the other secondarily. There is, perhaps, no other platform of communication where meanings are pre-formed even before actual linguistics than a political speech. The persona or source of the message has already formed his meanings through the political parties he or she has chosen to join, stance on political issues, overall media behaviour, and even, physical appearance. The personal forms the social standing and establishes the social distance. Yes, those meanings can be changed as receivers form their own contexts but it can also be enforced once the speaker imposes his or her own using different rhetoric, form different ideas, and establish different presets. The rhetoric used in that speech was one that inspired, not forced take note, the entire nation into war. The text that was used, the thematic formation, and the poetry above the message operated across texts and across time. To demonstrate how the Interpersonal Metafunction in a Political Speech can manipulate human

Managing Innovation and Creativity at Topman Essay

Managing Innovation and Creativity at Topman - Essay Example One such business is Topman the seller of men’s fashion. Topman is actually a stand-alone fashion business that was started by Peter Robinson in 1978. Topman exclusively caters to men and their stores can be found throughout the United Kingdom. The point that Topman wants to make is to â€Å"provide a new approach to menswear retailing† (Fashion Model Directory, 2011). Their main product offering is men’s fashionable clothes from formal suits to casual styles; they also carry footwear and accessories. Topman states that they have something for any fellow who is looking for something unique and different. Some of the designer clothes they carry includes items by Fred Perry, Licentious, Carolyn Massey, Material Boy, Dexter Wong Ltd. Topman is also interested in collaborating with young designers and they have worked with Markus Lupfer, Peter Jensen, Kim Jones and they have launched their own premium label called, â€Å"Topman Design.† Topman is also collabor ating with Fashion East to produce a menswear event â€Å"MAN† that takes place during London Fashion Week.... Each company creates their own corporate culture and the owners must be able to express their vision for the business to their employees and to their target market. Creativity is also a large part of advertising. The more creative a business owner is in their advertising, the easier it will be to capture the audience they want to capture. Wallas (qtd. in McLeod 2009) states that there are five stages of creativity that are quite relevant to this discussion. The five stages that Wallas described were: 1. Preparation – the individual begins to work on a particular problem and begins to think about the problem. 2. Incubation – the individual continues to think about the problem mentally but does not yet do anything physically about it. 3. Intimation – the creative individual now begins to get ideas about the problem and how they can work with it. 4. Illumination or insight – the creative individual now has some ideas to begin putting on paper or constructing to solve the problem. 5. Verification – the individual finally understands what they need to do in the problem and they begin to consciously do something about it. These five stages seem to imply that creativity is more an unconscious process that comes into consciousness for the individual. This shows how people are inspired to do great things. 1.2 Topman and Creativity Topman has worked hard to differentiate itself from other clothing designers and retailers. It is part of another business called TopShop and both stores cater to men’s fashions. Men can find reasonably proceed apparel that was created by well known designers or by new, up and coming designers.

HEALTHCARE ETHICS AND END OF LIFE DECISIONS Essay - 5

HEALTHCARE ETHICS AND END OF LIFE DECISIONS - Essay Example This causes an ethical challenge because decision is critical in the solving of the problem. In this regard, this essay will tear in to one ethical and moral dilemma case that will help in understanding this view. Further, the essay will focus on vital ethical principles related to the case and the process of making the ethical decision by medical administrators entangled in the case (Pozgar, 2012). In addition, the essay will provide an argument as to whether the handling of the case was appropriate then try to point out ways that would have the situation turn out differently. Therefore, the chosen case involved a sixteen-month-old baby boy whose father chose to end the life of his son at gunpoint. As per the case, hospital administrators refused to remove the boy from the respirator citing the right to life principle, as they did not agree to the father ending the life of the boy prematurely. In addition, the case presented the respect for autonomy to which the boy could not make the decision on whether to live or not because of the medical state and age of the boy (Zahedi, Larijani & Bazzaz, 2007). In this regard, the father decided to pull the plug after seeing that the boy was not getting any better hence going contrary to these two ethical principles. Ideally, siding with the request made by the parents of removing their son from the machine was not an option that the healthcare providers were willing to entertain. They stood their ground by maintaining that their hospital could not support their decision citing ethical reasons. Therefore, to them the decision was not a moral obligation rather an ethical move that they had sworn by before joining the practice. For one, every individual involved in the case acted out in a manner that they all saw fit hence justifying their deeds. Therefore, the handling of the matter was appropriate because there were injuries despite the presence of a riffle

Purpose And Significance Of The Study Education Essay

Purpose And Significance Of The Study Education Essay According to Alwright (1983), classroom-centred research is any study which investigates what occurs in the classroom; that occurrence could be related to the way a teacher interacts with his students; the way students interact with one another; the conditions which promote effective learning; or anything else related to learning in the classroom. Throughout the past five years, the majority of MA ALT research at Newcastle University has been predominantly classroom-centred Why?. Researchers have either examined and scrutinised the teaching practice, approaches and methodologies adopted in their own diverse, international teaching contexts (Aslanidou, 2005; Al-Nufaie, 2006; Abu Baha, 2007; Al-Zughaibi, 2008; Chen, 2009); or they have explored a variety of cognitive and linguistic difficulties that L2 students face when learning English, suggesting possible causes and solutions to these problems (Hu, 2005; Chou, 2006; Huang, 2007; Chen, 2008; Al-Rahbi, 2009). Although classroom-centre d research is a fundamental part of ALT and unquestionably serves its purpose; if and when research conducted external to the classroom produces new insights into effective language learning, it is equally significant; as the essential aim of all ALT research is to add to current world knowledge (Hedge, 2000). A minute number of MA ALT researchers at Newcastle University have investigated topics which are external to the classroom yet promote effective language learning indirectly (Walter, 2006; Lambton, 2006; Pelik, 2008; Michalska, 2009); surprisingly however, no researcher has ever inquired about the role EFL managers may or may not play in language learning. This is particularly surprising because global EFL institutes such as IH, Bell, and WSI all require clarify these acronyms prospective EFL managers to be MA ALT qualified. These institutes insist EFL managers possess this qualification based upon the assumption that it equips them with the knowledge necessary to be a successful EFL manager. Contrary to their belief, although an MA ALT course does present recent theories and debates regarding language learning, it fails to sufficiently address the specific needs of an EFL manager; this is most evident in the fact that there is no EFL Manager: Theory Practice type module available f or MA ALT students. Due to the lack of research about EFL management, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of EFL managers in language learning. Although some ALT professors are intrigued by this research project and have clearly stated: this is an interesting topic (Windeatt, 2010:2); others have their doubts about its relevance and have said: I do not feel that this is remotely within my sphere of competence; the question really is whether it is within Applied Linguistics. No need for this in my opinion but u could ask him about it Essentially it deals with educational management; the fact that the product is language teaching is no more relevant than groceries are to the management of Sainsburys (Cook, 2010:3). Though everyone is entitled to his own opinion, this view towards ALT research and EFL management is arguably flawed for the following three reasons: Firstly, the Board Directors of TESOL Inc. (2005) advise ALT researchers to be diverse in their choice of research topics in order for theories about effective language learning and teaching to continuously advance. They urge researchers to explore the field of ALT from a wide variety of angles and viewpoints; and to be innovative in the type of research they conduct. To date, ALT research has demonstrated that language learning can be affected by learner styles; psychological factors; teaching methods; socio-cultural factors, and many other issues (Hedge, 2000). In spite of this, there is no published material on the influence that EFL managers may or may not have on language learning, which implies this particular project is innovative and has the potential to fill an obvious information gap. Secondly, the fact that this project is closely related to educational management, is not necessarily a negative point; on the contrary, this type of research may be part of the logical progression of ALT. Historically, ALT research has always followed a similar pattern to Education research (Grenfell, 1998). Both fields were initially predominantly teacher-centred, meaning the majority of research conducted in these fields focused heavily upon teachers, teaching theory and practice. Over time, their research became student-centred, meaning the general research focus shifted toward the student, his experience as a learner, and methods of promoting effective learning. Essentially, research in both fields has historically been classroom-centred. In recent years however, Education research has taken a step outside of the classroom by looking at how external factors such as school administration affects learning (Charles, 2010). As will become evident from the literature review, there has been a substantial amount of research conducted on school effectiveness, which indicate that second only to explicit teaching, school management has the greatest influence on classroom learning. Based upon Education research, coupled with the recent emergence of global ALT seminars on EFL Management and HE courses in EFL Management (ibid); it is reasonable to assume that future ALT research will explore the role of EFL managers in language learning more thoroughly. Thirdly, the mere fact that a world-renowned scholar of linguistics would imply there is no difference between managing a Sainsburys store and managing an EFL school is reason enough to conduct this research. If such a hypothesis is correct, then researching this topic could provide valuable information for EFL schools such as Bell and IH; perhaps they should be employing staff with general management experience and BAs in Business Studies rather than an MA in ALT? On the other hand, if such a hypothesis is in incorrect, then researching this topic could provide ALT researchers with new insights into the role management in language learning. Additionally, as pointed out by one of the participants of this study, research such as this is useful as it gives EFL managers the opportunity to reflect upon their own practice, and the way in which they contribute to a language students learning experience. Moreover, potential EFL managers, such as some of the students on this MA ALT programme , may find this research useful for the theories it presents regarding the role that they will eventually adopt. The acid test of theory in an applied discipline such as educational management [or ALT] is its relevance to practice (Bush, 2002:15). Scope Context of the Study The purpose of this study then, is to investigate the role of management in language learning; and it is arguably a significant piece of research, as it can have both academic and real-world implications for the reasons already mentioned. Initially, over a dozen private British Council accredited ESL schools throughout the U.K. were contacted and asked to participate in the study; unfortunately, all of these schools declined without providing reasons why. Based upon their unwillingness to participate, and the guidance of Windeatt Cook (2010), it was decided that the most feasible method of research would be to conduct an exploratory case-study on the ESOL department of a public tertiary institute in the North East of England. I donà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t know According to the participants who were interviewed in this study, the purpose of ESOL departments in British tertiary institutes is threefold: 1) To provide EFL courses for international students who want to study in the UK for a fixed period of time, then return to their home countries. These students generally tend to study EAP courses in preparation for IELTS exams or entrance to a British university; however, some of them study English for business purposes, whilst others simply want a general English course. Whatever the reason, these courses are similar to the types of courses provided by schools such as Bell and IH. 2) To provide ESOL courses for people residing in the UK who want to live here permanently. These students are generally asylum seekers who have fled their own countries due to severe personal circumstances. They tend to study ESOL courses either in preparation of UK citizenship tests; or to equip themselves with the language skills necessary to communicate by English in their day-to-day lives. 3) To provide teacher training courses for native speakers of English who want to become EFL teachers; or for current EFL teachers who want to gain further qualifications. These training courses can vary from Cambridge CELTA and DELTA courses to academic Diplomas and BAs in TEFL. The ESOL department which took part in this study was composed of several managers and approximately seventy teachers. Organisation of chapters Having justified the purpose of this study and providing background information about its research context, the organisation of this dissertation essay is now presented below: Chapter 1: Introduction this chapter highlights the importance of conducting research on the role of EFL managers in language learning, and introduces background information about the context of this research project. Chapter 2: Literature Review this chapter presents key theories about educational management and specifically looks at research into the claims Education researchers have made concerning the influence managers have on learning. Based upon these claims, the role of management in an ESOL context is discussed Chapter 3: Methodology this chapter states the research question and describes the research design and procedures used in this study, including information about the participants and data collection methods employed. Chapter 4: Data Analysis this chapter provides a critical analysis of the results in relation to the literature review. Chapter 5: Conclusions finally, conclusions from the entire investigation are presented here. ______________________________________________________